Showing posts with label Coronavirus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Coronavirus. Show all posts

Sunday, August 15, 2021

THE MIND OF THE ANTI-VAXER CORONAVIRUS


I’m attempting to understand and enter into a dialogue with individuals who are not necessarily anti-vaxers, but are are against coronavirus vaccines. Their fears may be linked to mistrust of government and authoritative bodies such as the science community, underlying concerns in relation to medical intervention (the instrument/needle), the introduction of a manufactured substance (the vaccine) that is perceived as polluting (a substance that can make you sick when you are not sick), the immediate unwanted adverse affect (the immune system mounting defense against a foreign substance) and the possible long term affects of what they consider an unsafe vaccine even though adverse affect incidences are minuscule contrasted with the benefits of having a vaccine that will by all accounts reduce the impact on our bodies if it is invaded by the SARS CoV-2 coronavirus.

I am wondering whether in their attempt to deal with grief associated with personal loss of power and freedom (isolation, limited human/social contact, unemployment, dislocation, poverty, reduced opportunities, the certainty of uncertainty, the erosion of hope) occasioned by the pandemic virus, the only way they can gain any sense of power is to launch an attack on institutions which they may have already perceived as having too much control pre-pandemic. They consider the vaccine as a weapon against them, introduced by the very institutions they mistrust.

The offshoot of this suspicion is that their research on the vaccine and governments is generally undertaken in an echo chamber in which like minds simply support their world view providing little opportunity to challenge or fact check the information provided.  And their authoritative tone born out of the fact that they have read widely and ‘researched’ the situation convinces them that they are as knowledgeable as the medical fraternity. Suddenly they are virologist, epidemiologists, endocrinologists, scientists. What they don’t acknowledge is what they don’t know and refuse to know! Their focus is on the vaccine and not the virus itself. Although SARS CoV-2 is a respiratory virus it is more genetically complex than a seasonal influenza virus and although originally understood as debilitating and killing people in older age groups has become non discriminating affecting individuals in all age cohorts. It is more contagious than influenza viruses and has long term consequences. So, the argument of those opposed to any coronavirus vaccine that it may have long term consequences on their health pales into insignificance against proven, documented cases of long CoViD world wide. If you contract influenza you can get quite sick but it doesn’t affect your internal organs or leave you with debilitating symptoms long after you become well.

I believe that anti-vaxers secretly acknowledge the danger of the virus and their only way of dealing with their anxiety around an unseen entity out of their control is to shift their focus to what they consider the evil vaccine, take the reigns and refuse to be vaccinated; the one personal freedom they understand as left to them at a time in which much or our agency has been eroded.

In this sense we can all understand the mind of the anti-vaxer.

Thursday, March 25, 2021

THOUGHTS DURING THE PANDEMIC

 


Julie Clarke 2020/2021©

 


I write this under a cloak of isolation that clings to me in the dark of night as well as light of day. Sunrise and sunset remain unchanged whilst the pandemic virus continues to replicate and mutate. The strain that's circulating the globe today differs from the original but is still highly infectious, deadly and clever. We could learn from it's easy transformations. Adapt or die. The eerie silence of evening curfew should be conducive to sleep because there are no sudden sounds to disturb and yet sleep does not come easy for me. It may be lack of stimulus that keeps me awake even though I am tired.
Lock down, restrictive movement and the absence of others weighs heavily on my mind. If life is this, then what? I attempt to be philosophical.

          Who would have thought that in the midst of life it would be diminished? How could I have lived my whole life for it to be placed on indefinite hold. The hungry mouth of time swallows days that disappear into months that linger. Each day is longer than the one that proceeds it, but I am redeemed by writing. The past bleeds into now. The streets, which were full of people, are empty and there is some beauty in that because there's an opportunity to see buildings without the movement of people obstructing the view.

          Buildings are hushed sentinels that stand guard over history and it is history that we are experiencing, or rather this is a time  we will know in an entirely different way. We've witnessed the metropolis become a ghost town and it's not just that people and their industry have been erased, but that we've also become specters. The ghosts that remain in this city are now lost under a pandemic veil. They wander aimlessly somewhere, anywhere to escape confinement. When I'm outside I suck in everything like a black hole deep in space. I can feel the rise and fall of the mask on my face. I am captive behind an inaccessible, unknowable visage and life, or what I knew as life has been amputated and hangs on the sharp edge of hope.

          Four weeks before the end of winter and after a drastic daily rise in positive coronavirus cases we are further restricted by a daily curfew. This coincides with the return to Earth of the SpaceX rocket and two cosmonauts isolated for two months on the International Space Station. Like the first moon mission, the craft landed in water and I feel we are like that capsule dropped into a viral sea. As I revisit the past by writing my memoir a somberness pervades. However, it's not that I need to escape the now with its restrictive regime or pending doom as I've been living a life of virtual isolation for many years now. Writing and art are private activities. I can appreciate what it might be like travelling to Mars, drifting in space away from everyone and everything I've known. It's paradoxical that we have a desire to discover whether there is life on another planet and yet must leave life on this planet in order to do so. We imagine being immigrants in a future scenario.

          Today it’s cold. I feel like a zombie embedded in permafrost. I recall that for thirty thousand years Pithovirus sibericum, the largest virus ever found by Russian scientists, lay dormant in dead amoeba in frozen Siberian soil. Once discovered and thawed it sprang to life. Perhaps there's hope for us all in this winter chill. But the internal war still rages.

          During the eight month German bombing blitz on the United Kingdom in World War Two many died, many became resilient, others took on a fatalistic approach for they were totally convinced of the inevitability of being killed or mutilated. Belief that mustard gas used extensively in the first great war would be dropped on the city, meant that black rubber masks were mandatory against the invisible enemy. Unlike those in London who feared the siren sound of a twirling gas rattle, we receive no warning of the presence of the unseen coronavirus. Alarm comes instead from televised daily epidemiology reports, number of positive cases and deaths.

It will be mid-Spring when this second pandemic lock down and curfew ends. Until then, we wait.

          My life has made me resilient. I know I will cope, even though a state of coping rather than living can be wearing. Catastrophes occur without warning and life goes on.

          Nine years ago a tsunami caused by an undersea mega thrust earthquake hit Japan. Those who lived near the coast in Sukuiso and Sendai had only eight minutes warning before the force of the quake caused forty meter waves to sweep over the mainland and knock the earth six and a half inches off its axis. Televised footage showed water flooding the land. It was terrifying. I watched and I couldn’t believe what I was seeing. Those on safe ground witnessed the horror of those running for their lives. For those caught in the tsunami there was nowhere to run and although  not comparable, there is nowhere to run from this virus.

We have constructed vaccines to combat a biological threat however the Japanese have built sea walls, fourteen meters high and 400 kilometers along the north-eastern coast of Japan’s main island to withstand flooding water. Some say that the wall will protect them from a future tsunami, even though it obscures villagers view of the ocean and threatens their food security. Others say that the wall will provide a false sense of security creating a situation in which people will wait until the last moment before fleeing from rising waters. Isn’t this false sense of security also engendered in relation to vaccines against the coronavirus?

          This virus is a dangerous adversary, cleverer than us for it's a single-minded evolution machine. In its previous manifestation it learned that it was unwise to kill its victim quickly because they had little opportunity to infect another. Second time around the mutated virus is content to keep its victim well enough to infect others. It's like a sadistic stalker who captures and tortures its prey before killing them.

          Early on my battle was with claustrophobia. I feared confinement more than I feared the virus. I could only bear living in my small abode if I drew or wrote. When I focus on the drawing the world outside disappears. Thinking about that first Magic Pencil book I received and how it consoled and excited me, I decided I'd do what I always do in response to a thought or emotion, I'd make art.


I wanted to reflect replication of the words anxiety, panic, endurance, grief, hysteria, isolation and loss repeated over and over again in the media
. I used alphabet templates to create artworks that reflected orderly, confined, restrictive space. The images were formed by repeating colored in words over and over again on a page. By doing so I unwittingly created an illusion of movement like the energy of a hive before insect’s swarm. The drawings sometimes mirrored microscopic viral clusters. My action highlighted repetition and new patterns of existence formed from being home bound and alone but it was also meditative and reduced stress.



          Feelings of abandonment have not been far from my thoughts during this pandemic. I feel like I have been left and forgotten. I’m not alone in these feelings. Others realize how much others, under usual circumstances fill their lives. The cold weather makes everything bleak. Death came again this morning. It crept  quietly into my mind triggered by a flickering light globe. On and off. On and off. Binary. Until it finally gave up. Death is a strange thought and yet I cannot think of the first time it entered my mind.

          Although our Prime Minister declared in March last year that Australia was in a global pandemic two million unconcerned Melbournians attended the Moomba parade and celebrations along Birrarung Marr. My dislike of crowds may have actually saved me from the virus.

 My only company, if I care to engage with it, is the cacophony of persistent media noise that floods the airwaves. We've been in lock down for about two weeks and my street, which is usually quiet was suddenly disturbed. At around twelve thirty-five in the afternoon there was an indecipherable sound heading in my direction. The sky was filled with hundreds of screeching white Corella's that descended on the large Plane tree that spreads it umbrella-like branches over my place. The excited bird cries were deafening as they decimated the seeds and leaves in a feeding frenzy. One wave of birds followed another and the noise increased. Thousands of heavy seed balls, branches and debris bombarded my roof and the tin awning over my back door. After about forty minutes the marauding beasts flew off as quickly as they had arrived and my world was silent again.

I live alone and cannot express the anguish I felt not being about to see those few who are close to me. I had to protect myself against any out-pouring of emotions in order not to be utterly devastated. But emotions are revealed in other ways.

          Eight months of this pandemic and insects have been inhabiting people's dreams. I on the other hand have been dreaming of rats. The dreams were prompted when I woke to the feeling that something was draped across my face. It was long and leathery like a shoelace. Milliseconds later I was sure it was a rat's tale and I flung back the blankets and jumped out of bed. I fell back asleep realizing it was probably my imagination since I had read Kafka's The Plague and in the book there were so many references to rats.

          Another night I was disturbed by movement across the end of my bed. In my half sleep I was convinced that it was a rat and the scratching noises I've heard of late attest to its presence. I imagine a mouse entering my opened mouth and choking me whilst trying to scurry down my gullet. Didn't rats chew at King Herod's tongue, or was that just a myth? I felt like Winston in Nineteen Eighty-Four who was terrified of rats. Like him I would sacrifice my lover, if I had one, just to be free of this purgatory. In the light of day, I realized my dreams had been precipitated by the pandemic since rat fleas are vectors of disease. The strong, destructive wind that buffeted the tree outside my place last night also probably contributed to my fear of things out of control.

          Early on in the pandemic I would find myself bursting into laughter because I found the whole situation ludicrous. I was amused by the way I flipped between being caught up in the rhetoric and being ambivalent to my general state of being. I would never have thought I’d be experiencing a once in one-hundred-year pandemic. Already today it's been the worst day in terms of deaths and numbers infected. This second wave is a viral sea rising like a mountain out of the ocean. A maleficent hand crashing down on us with its rage. I can't think of anything worse than hospitals filled to capacity and doctors having to choose who should receive treatment and who will be left to die. We already know that the young will be salvaged.

          This virus is travelling like a freight train. Swift velocity execution. It speeds through suburbs. Bypasses railway stations. Drops its load and clusters form. No names. No faces. Just statistics. But change is inevitable. There will be a time when we are remembering the pandemic rather than living through it. Clouds have moved across and disappeared into the deep blue sky. Hope is always more prevalent on sunny days. However, cold and rain makes seeing things in a positive light much more difficult

Perceptions are warped during this pandemic. I've been seeing things that aren't there. Moving forms, tiny flashes. This space, dense with colors and movement, images and sounds, people and voices, faces and flashes of light, cascade. Confetti floating in the air. Dust, gentle as cotton wool floats in sunshine stream with particular focus, or spent leaves caught in gentle wind floats down and land. The slow drag of a snail across concrete. The speed of ants as they ravage and carve up the flesh of a fallen insect. Their industry and single-mindedness. The drain fly caught in a web spun high to capture. A scurrying mouse that preens itself when sound disappears. All quiet. Vision continues but the melody is far away. It’s more of a memory than an accurate account as the notes drop. Down. As a plastic bag is caught in the wheels of a pram. Its white body bellows a cry as it is swept into the steel and is torn to shreds. Tissue thin, moving cars across the road feel like rain. The noise is constant and then seconds of absolute nothing. Even time has halted between the rise and fall of breath. A slow pulse day as the sun bleeds her yellow glow, creates shadows on the thick, brick fence. I’m not locked in when I can see the sky. A ceiling to the world. Her powder blue is covered with languid froth. Seduces a grey cloud interlude.

          Autumn is late. She holds fast to leaves that refuse to be tossed aloft by Winter’s sting. Her arthritic fingers bare and bone hold stiff against marauding wind and still she’s cold. Her quivering palmately lobes resplendent with a wand of carmine and gold, replaced now by leaves the colour of the faded tan of well-worn shoes. Brittle and bent. How bitter is the wind that threatens to disrobe the remains of her garb? Soon she will be stark.

It’s easy to be poetic. Pandemic or no pandemic it's Sunday as I write this and Sundays are always the same. No one walks past my window. There's a silence that tells me people are still wrapped in sleep. They will wake to the news that numbers have decreased. They will wake to news that the virus has retreated into its hiding place. Its search for victims to wedge its spikes into has halted for the moment. There is hope. But still no bird cries; as though there is something they know.

          As we approach ANZAC day 2021 I recall that 2020 celebrations were canceled due to the virus and many Australians, especially old diggers and their families couldn't participate in usual rituals. No shoulder to shoulder closeness. No hugs, or pats on the back. Instead, they stood outside their homes holding a candle as bugle sounds of the Last Post echoed through darkness before dawn at the Shrine of Remembrance. This year the celebrations will go ahead but with greatly limited numbers.

A decade ago I wanted to to see the Anzac Day parade just once. I watched it on the large screen at Federation Square. Standing at the edge of the footpath I managed to avoid the crowds that gathered at either side of Swanston Street from Lonsdale down to St. Kilda Road.

          It was a somber affair, quieter than I'd imagined. Those that stood on the periphery waved the Australian flag or simply applauded as the old guys walked past wearing their medals. There is silence in the gaps between the clapping and quiet cheering. Some soldiers walk with their grandchildren. Some walk for their grandfather long gone. The faces of the soldiers as well as those witnessing the parade are silent and severe. It was one of the saddest things I've ever seen. The worn faces. The struggle of some to walk the one long hour of the journey. Nothing of course compared to what they've already endured. They've lived a long time and experienced much. You'd have no heart if you couldn't connect with the faces of those obviously experiencing memories - mostly bad. A palpable, eerie vibe hangs in the air. It's laced with tears. But we fight back against emotion. It's better for those already in the pubs. They've hidden themselves away and are drinking themselves into oblivion.

Not surprisingly during a pandemic no-one cares about their looks. All shops, theatres, restaurants, entertainment complexes, libraries, art galleries are closed and there is nowhere to go under strict stay at home rules. Those that do venture out are wearing warm comfortable clothes - tracksuit pants, sports tights, coats, scarves and beanies. It is mid-winter 2020 and I have to admit that for much of the time I've been living in my pj's or lounge wear. During the pandemic men don't shave and women don't wear makeup. Everyone looks pale. Some have dark rings around their eyes and the bridge of their nose. They've either been sleeping too long or not sleeping enough. We are all constantly sanitizing or washing our hands with soap and water. During the first lock down I would wipe the handle of the community gate and the one on my front door because I didn't know if anyone touched it in my absence. I wiped food preparation surfaces in case the virus managed to infiltrate my house after landing on my shopping bag. When I returned home I'd scrub my fingernails and the underside of my hands with a nail brush like I was a surgeon preparing for an operation. I'd wipe the handles on my bathroom sink. No surface was safe. And no surface I've touched was safe. I became less fastidious when some of the restrictions were lifted and must admit I've spent less time disinfecting surfaces of late but I still wash my hands thoroughly.

Since the beginning of the second lock down I've started wearing a mask in the tram and I sanitize my hands after holding the rail, which a thousand other people may have touched. Masks are now compulsory and we treat other people like they are carriers because we've been told that those who are asymptomatic may be inadvertently spreading the virus. There are no longer signs or symptoms that we can identify in people, so no way of knowing who may be spreading the contagion. We walk around others like they are the enemy. Strangers are people who could make us very sick or worse, kill us. It is better to be alone because it reduces the potential of harm. With daily rising numbers we are informed by the health authorities that the risk is great.

Some people in the street turn distancing into a game, what else can we do to lighten the fact that we must anticipate which way each of us will move when we walk towards each other. So a strange dance occurs. I move one way and the oncoming person moves the other. Sometimes there is a hesitation and a weaving and then another movement occurs, but eventually we manage to pass without becoming too close. The advantage of wearing a mask other than the obvious is that I can, if I wish, mumble obscenities under my breath or resort to stronger expletives directed to those who do not comply with expectations around physical distancing. Mask wearing is mandatory in this viral era, just one of the weapons in our arsenal against the unseen enemy. Hefty fines will be imposed if we do not comply.

          During this pandemic isolated people resort to dancing to overcome boredom, express feelings or dispel pent up energy. It’s a repeat if you like of the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries dancing pandemics that swept through Europe. Thousands danced spontaneously until they collapsed. No one knows what caused these people to dance to exhaustion, however the erratic psychosis was thought to be caused by starvation and disease. I occasionally dance by myself and I dance like no one is watching because no one is watching. Others, who need to dance with strangers rely on telecommunications to see others dance and they in turn dance allowing others to see them achieving a sense of togetherness or cooperation eroding the distance between them. It also reinforced the notion that we are all in this together.

We're broaching the seventh month of this pandemic and yesterday was the first time a newspaper front page displayed photographs of five elderly people from nursing homes who had died of the disease the day before. The headline read They were loved. Rather than being just a number in the overall day to day statistics the dead had names and faces. It was a clever strategy to personalize a tragedy that had become focused upon deaths, numbers of positive cases, hospitalizations, those in intensive care or on ventilators. Unfortunately, since the deceased looked European it tended to reinforce two ideas. The first being that the virus was more likely to affect older, rather than younger people and secondly that people from diverse groups are likely to be the source of contagion. Unfortunately this may have instigated racial tensions.

 Elderly people are already invisible by virtue of the fact that they rarely venture out and are hidden away in nursing homes. In the last episode of their lives they are masked by their isolation. The pandemic has a way of bringing the unseen into view and it exposed the terrible way in which many elderly people were treated in nursing homes. More recently sexual perversions, generally unseen have been brought to light through a veil of silence in government as well as private company culture. During this period of the mask some things are being unmasked. Perhaps other truths will also be unmasked?

Regardless of our age we are all isolated and masked now. Each person's face is covered with the tell-tale light blue of a disposable surgical mask or a washable colored one. I wear a black mask. It seems more appropriate since it is a signifier of death and the color of clothes worn to funerals. Black is a metaphor of the fourteenth century Bubonic Plague which killed more people than any other disease in recorded history.

From birth we are hardwired to recognize faces. The eye, the nose, the mouth in a particular formation on the front of our head. Each masked face is now a hideous disguise that would confound even the most astute infant. Of course babies may be responding more to the teat than the mother's face or perhaps they perceive them as one and the same. In the French Film Eyes without a face the skin of a woman's face is surgically removed and grafted to that of another. This renders the face counterfeit, static, expressionless. The skin, detached from nerves and muscles cannot reflect the feelings of the person who now wears this strange robe that conceals and robs them of their identity and in its place is a blank slate. We can do nothing now when someone walks towards us wearing a mask but to read the fabric colors and shapes that cover the nose and mouth no longer seen. It's not enough for us to rationalize the situation by stating that our face is capable of obscuring our real feelings or that we are merely a screen that reflects the thoughts of others in a mirroring effect. Faces look now like alien entities in a sci-fi movie, aberrant creatures that have developed psychic abilities that enable them to communicate without using their mouth. They have developed their unusual morphology through evolution or genetic breeding and their features are erased in favor of a smooth area of skin that leads from chin to eyes. A blankness evident in the empty eyes that peer at us now and in a sense even friends become strangers and strangers are an unknown quantity forever concealed.

We are in the eighth month of the pandemic. Mandatory mask wearing has created a division between those who think it is an imposition and infringement of our human rights and those who can see valid health reasons for wearing one. I think it has gone beyond being just a face covering. It has become a metaphor for anonymity, conformity and concealment.

Most people in our community generally feel safe in a large crowd. There is safety in numbers. Now they don't because the virus is more easily transmitted when people group together. Those unwilling to comply and adapt to the new requirements and conditions to overcome this viral plague are being referred to as heretics, setting them at odds with the general community. The notion that we have been hoodwinked by these face coverings, which all but erase our identity is drawing strong emotions. Some are concerned that the disguise obliterates the identity of a potential attacker. Everyone you encounter is a possible assailant. No one is to be trusted when lives are at stake. Fear too that the mask is akin to hooding prior to execution; an act that creates a form of sensory deprivation, reduction of breathing, isolation, anticipation and fear. There are few ways to identify the emotions of a person walking towards us, but we generally interpret covering the mouth with shame, perhaps instigated centuries ago when people with rotting or missing teeth refused to open their mouths when photographed. Don't expose your decay. Cover it and save others from having to view your disintegration. I understand why people don't like the concealment associated with a mask. We are suspicious of people who hide.

          During this pandemic lockdown we are living within a restrictive regime. Our freedoms are curtailed and we live in confined space. Our only company, if we care to engage with it, is the cacophony of persistent media noise that floods the airwaves. Ubiquitous use of the Internet has created a unitary whole in a continual flux of dissipating often misleading information that disturbs this hive mind. We are moved to action in a viral swarm of anxiety, panic, grief, hysteria, isolation and loss.

          We are compelled to wear masks during this global pandemic but we still recognize friends by their gait, clothing and demeanor. Only their eyes show expression. Visual clues, which usually betray their words or verify them, are gone and in their place instead is a blank surface that makes communication more difficult. Muslim women wearing a Niqab no longer look unusual in a crowd. Their face coverings denote Islamic beliefs, whereas our masks are worn to protect ourselves and others. No one wants to catch the deadly virus. No one wants to spread it. Now that I think about it Muslim women who cover their faces are also protected from racism and abuse because now they look like the rest of us, or rather, now we look like them. There are all kinds of masks.

I’m not surprised now when Australia has virtually no cases of coronavirus infection that we’re in the midst of a vaccine war and a grab by wealthy nations to secure enough vaccine to cover their populations, sometimes at the expense of nations without the necessary resources to protect its people. Coupled with this is the uncomfortable fact that the vaccines produced were to combat the original SARS-CoV2 virus, not the multiple viral variants of this zoonotic pathogen.

          It’s just over a year since our Prime Minister declared that Australia was in a pandemic and as I sit in a cafe in Melbourne my friend who is a leader in the field of bio-medicine tells me that whether or not we are vaccinated not much will change. We still need to be careful, wear a mask, wash our hands regularly and avoid crowds. Complacency is what kills. Vaccination can encourage people to believe that they are shielded and they’re not. For many the vaccinate may not produce antibodies. Many will not be able to receive it due to health concerns. We have to be more adaptable than this dangerous virus. We can never take it for granted.

          As we discuss bacterium, viruses and vaccines a small brown Autumn leaf, aerodynamic in its curled, dried morphology is blown into the foyer outside the cafe. It’s a distraction from our conversation, but a reminder of the organic world. Life and spent life. As we watch, the leaf becomes animated by the unseen wind and takes on the form of a small bird moving around searching for food. I think it’s a sparrow since they are the most common bird seen in the city. He thinks it’s a Minah bird. We’re both using our imagination and enter into a conversation as to whether it might be moving through its own volition from an unseen force or whether it moves purely from external conditions. Either way it is the unseen and perhaps even the unsaid that pervades the moment.

          It’s been a year since the World Health Organization informed the world about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and I am still feeling cautious about the vaccine. Reports of blood clots, rare as they are, and the possibility of having an adverse allergy attack weigh on my mind. In the end the odds are in our favour and I, like many will take the risk because we don’t want to face the even greater risk of contracting the disease. 

          It’s also been thirty-five years since the nuclear accident in the number four reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Pripyat in the Ukraine. Radiation, an invisible substance that cannot be seen, smelt or tasted affected over two hundred thousand people involved in the clean-up and continues to affect people who have been exposed to its dangers. I can only think that we continue to be in awe of and combatant against the unseen that impacts our lives.      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monday, June 22, 2020

COMPLY AND ADAPT: SARS-C0V-2

COMPLY AND ADAPT:
A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Julie Clarke (c) 2020


Instead of beating around the bush let's call this what it is. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus and Covid-19 is the World Health Organization's name for the pandemic that has been sweeping the world. SARS-CoV-2 is NOT an influenza virus even though it produces similar, but more debilitating symptoms in many sufferers. Whereas Influenza A - the most common type of influenza virus circulating contains 13,588 base pairs in its genetic sequence, SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus has 30,000 base pairs enabling it, among other things to quickly adapt. It has already mutated 14 times since it was contracted in December, 2019  'in or around the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan in China' (Honigsbaum, 2019:262). Although the virus was spreading freely in Wuhan, borders were not closed quickly enough and by 7 January 2020 approximately 5 million people had already left Wuhan 'many for overseas destinations' including Australia (Honigsbaum, 2019:264). The Australian government ramped up airport screenings of passengers arriving from China however Australia confirmed its first case in a Chinese national who flew into Melbourne on 19 January. In mid March 2020 Australia declared a state of emergency and restrictions were instigated.

Readers will probably have been watching the timeline of the spread so I won't elaborate here but what I do want to do is contextualize my thoughts around this event and how they influenced a number of artworks I made during this period.  During the Covid-19 pandemic there has been a  proliferation of often conflicting and confusing information generated by the media (newspapers, radio, television, internet) and social media sites such as Facebook. This has resulted in an infodemic, responsible in part for generating fear, anxiety, panic and depressive states in individuals dealing with negative thoughts surrounding the virus that infected and killed hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Government restrictions, including border closures, business shutdowns, airports, social interaction spaces, local parks, sporting facilities, educational institutions, libraries, cinemas, galleries and large arenas, together with limits on personal freedoms to avoid contagion, impacted upon the community in psychological and economic ways. It was understood that fear of contagion and substantial fines for those who disregarded lock down restrictions would ensure that individuals would comply and adapt in this restrictive regime. And they did.The streets were empty and people self isolated except when venturing out to purchase essential items, exercise or attend an appointment with a medical professional. Ubiquitous use of the Internet created a unitary whole in continual flux and patterns of behavior emerged in what may be regarded as a disturbed hive mind. After several weeks of lock down fear quickly turned to anger towards the government perceived as overreacting to the pandemic. Since 'social distancing' resulted in a drop in those testing positive and those who succumbed being mostly elderly, many young  people felt their life and freedoms had been curtailed merely  to protect those in nursing homes at the end of their life. Contrary to this Prime Minister, Scott Morrison declared on 9 April that 'all Australian lives mattered' (John Kehoe, 2020) a statement later viewed by some as resonating with the 'All Lives Matter' slogan used by those critiquing the 'Black Lives Matter' protests held world wide in the post-Covid-19 lock down in Australia. It was only after individuals from younger age groups were adversely affected by the virus and the economic fallout from the lock down that younger people began to take the virus seriously. All the while we in Australia were bombarded in the media by images of sickness and death in countries around the world, particularly in Italy where the death rate was high  It was a reminder that if we did not follow restrictions we too could be in that situation.
A month after lock down Roger Kimball, stated:

our panic has destroyed trillions of dollars of wealth, improvised millions, and handed much of society over to the machinations of socialistically inclined bureaucrats. It has also precipitated a huge and irresponsible disgorging of federal funds, the baneful effects of which will be felt for decades, if not generations (2002:15)

I, like many found the flood of information - ways of avoiding contagion, numbers diagnosed with the disease and deaths worldwide and in particular the confusions generated by the medical fraternity, disturbing. There was an inconsistency of messaging from the government and medical experts in regards to the use of masks, the possibility or difficulties in developing a vaccine and the use of existing drugs to treat debilitating symptoms. It was generally understood that since this was a novel coronavirus that scientists were learning about it on the hop and new information released to the media every day often discounted information from the day before adding to the confusion. Since SARS-CoV-2 was considered to have emanated from experimentation with a bat coronavirus  from a laboratory in Wuhan, China, a politics of blame was followed by a deluge of anger, accusations and occasional, isolated violence directed towards members of the Chinese community in Melbourne. The Herald Sun newspaper had on more than one occasion used the term 'Chinese Virus' following Donald Trump's use of the term in early March, ignoring the fact that the virus is a product of nature and way too superior to any virus that humans could construct.  The need to blame someone, anyone, appeared symptomatic of a need for retribution as 'we' had been punished through an eroding of freedoms as well as an exhaustive threat to everyone's well being in a bereft economic future.  Fears as to whether hospitals had sufficient Intensive Care Unit [ICU] personal protective equipment [PPE], including respirators, inundated the media.

Since this major event was often related to the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic which was still active at the end of WW1, war rhetoric was deployed to describe doctors, paramedics, nurses, health care workers, cleaners, manufacturers of face masks, delivery drivers, those that stocked supermarket shelves, etc. These 'conflict proximity front line' workers were elevated to heroic status and whilst this was justified given they were placing themselves in potential danger unfortunately labeling them 'essential' workers had an undermining affect and dealt a double blow to  individuals in other professions now unemployed due to shutdowns by identifying them as 'non essential'.  This new class of 'essential worker'  has at the time of writing been usurped by another nebulous class or divide between those tested and cleared from carrying the virus and those yet to be tested. 

Even though the virus was mostly introduced into Australia by retirees returning from their yearly cruise ship holiday, many in the community relished the idea that the virus had a leveling affect because it did not discriminate between rich or poor - we could all contract the disease and we were all in lock down. The Federal Government had  'struck a deal with the country's 657 private hospitals, giving the Commonwealth access to another 34,000 hospital beds to help the coronavirus crisis'. This would guarantee the survival of potential rich or poor patients, as well as the private hospital system, which relies heavily on elective surgery for their income. (ABC News 31 March)

However equitable, there was a vast difference between those isolated in large houses with big screen TV's, ample backyards and cars, and pensioners or single parents living alone in small, rented dwellings,  who had limited funds and were compelled to use public transport to purchase foods and other essential items.   Since we were in fact at war with a dangerous virus that had us 'bunkered down' there was a poignancy for many  Australians, especially old diggers and their families who could not participate in the cancelled ANZAC day celebrations in April. Many had to be content with standing outside their residences holding a candle to mark the occasion.

Emphasis shifted from a concern with the virus to protecting health care workers and the hospital system. Many were aware that during the influenza season (in Australia from May to September) hospitals were placed under an immense strain and co-infection of influenza A (predominantly swine flu) and SARS-CoV-2 was a likely outcome. However, it was generally understood that good personal hygiene - persistent hand washing, sneezing into the crook of one's elbow, wiping down potentially infected surfaces, not touching one's face, adherence to physical distancing would mean that seasonal influenza virus would be curtailed. Even so, many had the seasonal influenza vaccine (which includes the swine flu H1N1 2009 pandemic virus linked to the 1918 Spanish flu as well as the H5N1 bird flu virus). Whilst writing this I have discovered that an Influenza B virus is most likely the dominant virus this season and will affect children more than adults.

In 2009 the swine influenza (H1N1) pandemic infected 37,537 Australians and 191 died. The Australian government implemented border control, isolated overseas travelers with the disease, set up contact tracing, closed some schools and launched a good personal hygiene program, however no businesses were shut. After the first wave from mid-May to late September a vaccine was made available on 30 September 2009. 

I consider the use of COVID-19, the pandemic name to describe SARS-CoV-2 (Sudden Acquired Respiratory Virus) without divulging the name of the virus, plus the campaign to rule out the possibility of the coronavirus being compared to an influenza virus, divisive.  The WHO changed the name of the pandemic to Covid-19 because a company in Arizona is called Covid. However, SARS-CoV-2 was kept under wraps because WHO wished to assuage associations between this novel coronaviris and the deadly  SARS-CoV that caused a pandemic in 2002. Richard Cooke was also of the view that WHO changed the name to avoid saying SARS out aloud so as to mitigate unnecessary fear for some populations. (2020:20).

SARS-CoV (precursor to this coronavirus) is one of 36 corona viruses. It causes respiratory and intestinal infections in humans and animals. It's typical symptoms are viral pneumonia with respiratory deterioration and watery diarrhea. It can survive for two to three days on dry surfaces at room temperature. During the epidemic in 2003 there were 8,096 cases with 774 deaths in 30 countries. It emerged in late 2002 in Guangdong province. One early case involved a chef in a restaurant in Shenzhen who had regular contact with wild game food animals. Over 4,000 articles were published online about the virus which warned of its return. The most extensive article entitled Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection was published  in the American Society for Microbiology in 2007. It warned of 'the possibility of the re-emergence of SARS and other novel viruses from animals or laboratories and that the need for preparedness should not be ignored'. (Cooke, 2020:20). Although SARS-CoV-2 contains eighty per cent of the genetic material of SARS it differs in that there is a three day incubation period for SARS and a seven to fourteen day incubation for SARS-CoV-2 meaning that 'silent' or 'asymptomatic' individuals could spread the disease for a much longer period. It also appears to have more of a debilitating affect on sufferers.

Some commentators believed SARS-CoV-2 only as dangerous as influenza. Comparisons between numbers of infected cases and deaths from seasonal influenza with those infected with SARS-CoV-2 circulated in electronic communications, particularity Facebook. This had an initial dampening down affect and some used this information to support objections to the Australia-wide lock down. However evidential propositions such as the fact that the common cold was a coronavirus did little to allay fears by those already panicked by media coverage of the pandemic, which included testimonials and personal accounts of those who survived the ordeal or death of a 'loved one'. Prolific telecasting of unconscious, intubated individuals in ICU were the daily diet of misery and death served up to viewing audiences.

It's instructive to bring in some aspects of the film Contagion (Steven Soderbergh, 2011) here since it is the most scientifically accurate virus film and more grounded in reality since many virus genre films apart from Andromeda Strain, 1971 which proposes alien origin of the virus are purported to have been devised by scientists. Contagion's tagline 'nothing spreads like fear' was made, no doubt, in response to the 2009 influenza pandemic and almost exactly mirrors human behavior in this current pandemic. From the beginning of the film the director provides clues as to how the MEV-1 virus (a zoonotic bat/swine virus transmitted to human's via a wet market in China)  is spread, by utilizing close-ups of door knobs, credit cards, handshakes, sex and other personal contact. Their government, like ours decided it was better to overreact, to avoid being later accused of under reacting and lock downs in the film resulted in looting as well as violence directed at people who managed to secure food and other items. Hoarding of food, toilet paper and hand sanitizer was the norm in Australia (and elsewhere), however, unlike those in the film, minor altercations but little violence was directed towards selfish hoarders.

A scene in which the dead in body bags were carried to a mass grave, mirrored disturbing images we had already seen of coffins being placed in a mass grave dug in the middle of New York. The sorrow felt by the main protagonist Mitch Emhoff (Matt Damon) who cannot find a funeral director to bury his wife and children because of fear of contagion was way too close to the restrictions our own government had imposed of no more than five people at a funeral.

Since the majority of people were on the internet connecting with like minds, and had more time to watch films and flex their imagination, conspiracy theories abounded.  Theories about the virus are often linked to science fiction films and sub genres that remain in our psyche and influence the way audiences view real life scenarios. They also often engender distrust for scientists understandable, because according to Mark Honigsbaum 'medical researchers become 'prisoners of particular paradigms of theories of disease causation, blinding them to the threats posed by pathogens both known and unknown (2020:xiii). There have been a plethora of films over the past few decades  that deal with viruses or dangerous pathogens that threaten to extinguish humanity. The viruses have an alien origin (Andromeda Strain, 1971) created in a laboratory as a biological weapon (The Omega Man 1971), accidentally by a geneticist (Virus, 1980) or a malevolent virologist (12 Monkeys, 1995), genetically engineered in (Mission Impossible II, 2000), escaped from a laboratory (28 Days Later, 2002) are military engineered or the result of experimental vaccines. Strangely enough in Virus, 1999 invading cyborgs consider humans as a virus. Like technology and aliens the viruses in science fiction are always dangerous and out of control, but humans always manage to survive by combating them through vaccine development.

Search for a possible vaccine to combat SARS-CoV-2 began worldwide shortly after the pandemic began as did discussion around how vaccines would be allocated. Interesting for in the film Contagion the Centre for Disease Control allocated vaccinations by lottery based on a person's date of birth, similar to the Selective Service System of the United States to determine the order of who would be called for military service in the Vietnam war. In Australia there is considerable support for the most vulnerable (Indigenous Australians, the elderly, disabled, those with underlying health issues and pregnant women) being the first recipients of an available vaccine. In other countries concern has been expressed that people of poorer nations should receive the vaccine. 

Early on in Australia computer modelling projections suggested positive cases and deaths would occur if there was non-compliance to the strict restrictions. Indeed it was estimated that in a worse case scenario 150,000 Australians could die of the virus. (reported in The Sydney Morning Herald on 16 March). This information added to the fear and paranoia experienced by many who had lost their jobs, were facing evictions, hunger, shame and possible long term unemployment and poverty.  Each of us began to treat others, including family members as potential vectors of this unseen, dangerous disease amid an ever growing confusion of communication and misinformation. 

Large-scale testing for the virus was instigated to identify carriers who were required to self-isolate for fourteen days. However, since the test could result in false positives as well as false negatives this also created more confusion in our community and some people flouted the rules putting others in danger. Since it was elderly people who were most affected by the virus a concern was generated around whether those over the age of sixty-five should be protected and isolated. Focus was also placed on other marginal groups such as those with disabilities, Indigenous people, homeless people and women who may experience more than usual domestic violence due to forced confinement with an abusive partner. This further created a divide between young and old, disabled and able bodied, the have's and the have not's.  It also resulted in many people in the older age group feeling vulnerable and abandoned by friends and family when in fact they did not feel that they needed special care. The psychological affects on older and elderly individuals was devastating and after two months of protective isolation and psychological disturbance they, along with all age groups were finally permitted to have visitors.

Being in the 'vulnerable' cohort was a difficult label  for many to wear during lock down.  I personally took two long walks per day, which included purchasing food items and having my usual take-away coffee. I felt quite fit even with my painful osteoarthritis. I raked up and bagged copious Autumn leaves dropped everyday from the large Plane tree that adjoins my unit. I cleaned and disinfected door handles and other frequently used surfaces. I drew and in the first week crocheted a very long scarf. I made wholemeal bread because the only bread available in my local convenience store was white. The novelty wore off after making three loaves. I had a couple of over the fence chats with a friend who lives locally. I took photographs when I was out and posted some on Facebook. I watched dog antics in Citizen Park in Richmond and spoke briefly to strangers in the street. Life was not a lot different because I rarely go out at night, I don't go to bars, restaurants, nightclubs or the football. I missed my son and some close friends I couldn't see. I missed going to the cinema, art galleries and coffee shops. I had to walk a little more than usual because I wanted to avoid the confined space within public transport. Breath from my mask fogged up the sunglasses I wear everyday due to a light sensitivity. I was cautious but I didn't feel anxious and spent my time attempting to find information about the virus, whilst all the while resisting other's attempts to draw me into conspiracy theories. I'd be lying if I said I wasn't at times anxious and had one meltdown where I found it difficult dispelling what are generally considered bad thoughts.

In order to make some sense of what we were experiencing I re-read Albert Camus' The Plague even though it refers to a bacterial rather than a viral epidemic or pandemic. The following lines resonated.
No longer were there individual destinies; only a collective destiny, made of plague and the emotions shared by all. Strongest of these emotions was the sense of exile and of deprivation, with all the cross-currents of revolt and fear set up by these. (Camus, 1976:138)


Within this schema I decided to make a collection of artworks that reflected the language used in the pandemic and the combined, shared destiny of individuals. Holistic patterns were overlaying individual behavior and with this in mind I focused on particular words that exemplified the feelings many were experiencing, such as, anxiety, panic, endurance, grief, hysteria, isolation and loss and overlay them, one over the other. The words, like the virus became mimetic in their continual replication. I refused to use the word 'unprecedented' since it was prolific during this period. Given each of us was living within the restrictive regime of lock down in which our freedoms were limited, I used various sized alphabet templates to reflect confined, controlled space and defined borders. I created text works that reflected emotion through the overlay of the letters of each word to suggest the frenetic, mesmerizing, cacophony of persistent media noise (language) that flooded the airwaves. I attempted to create through these overlays, clusters or large congregations of indecipherable text. Since I  consciously subverted the letters' visual form taken together the artworks form a glossolalia - an articulation of unfamiliar language. The ensuring illusion of movement and disturbance that occurs through an interplay between color and line on the visual plane is suggestive of turbulent swarms of dangerous viruses that disperse unseen in the community. Having said that my methodology of overlaying the letters forms a function other than abstraction. They highlight the repetition in our daily lives and new patterns of existence occasioned by being home bound in the isolation period. The proliferation and replication of the individual letters demonstrate the ease of transmission and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and the disconnectedness of peoples in the world through electronic communication, recalling that other prevalent often used catch phrase 'we're all in this together'. Some of the images are suggestive of looking at viral entities under a microscope and the hard task of navigating through disparate information for discrete identification. For me, producing the works in this manner enabled me to remain in the flow of being mindful, antithetical to what was otherwise a chaotic field.





Each work represents a holistic colony of discrete individuals (humans, insects, microscopic entities, electrically networked information) grouped together - living organisms that became disturbed and moved to action through language noise that resonates through human emotion. Ubiquitous use of the Internet during the lock down period created a unitary whole in a continual swarm of dissipating, often misleading information and patterns of behavior emerged in this disturbed hive mind.

__________________________________________
Camus, Albert, The Plague, Penguin Books in association with Hamish Hamilton, Hammondsworth, Middlesex, England. 1976.
Cheng, C. C. Vincent, Susanna K. P. Lau, Patrick C. Y. Woo and Kwok Yung Yuen, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection, American Society for Microbiology , 2007.
Cooke, Richard, The Ministry of Pandemics: How the virus revealed our leaders to us, The Monthly, Melbourne, Australia, Issue 166, May 2020 (pgs. 19-25)
Honigsbaum, Mark, The Pandemic Century: A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid-19, Penguin, WH Allen, Random House, UK. 2019
Kimball, Roger, New York Letter: A Failure of Nerve, Quadrant, Australia, No. 566, Vol LXIV, Number 5, May, 2020 (pgs. 14-16)

I may add more images over the next few days.